1. Mu myaka igera kuri 40 kuva 1960 kugeza 1999, umusaruro w’ibyuma bidafite ingese mu bihugu by’iburengerazuba wazamutse uva kuri toni miliyoni 2.15 ugera kuri toni miliyoni 17.28, wiyongereyeho inshuro 8, ugereranyije n’ubwiyongere bw’umwaka buri mwaka bugera kuri 5.5%.Ibyuma bidafite ingese bikoreshwa cyane mubikoni, ibikoresho byo munzu, ubwikorezi, ubwubatsi, nubwubatsi.Ku bijyanye n'ibikoresho byo mu gikoni, hari ahanini ibigega byo gukaraba hamwe n’amashanyarazi y’amazi na gaze, kandi ibikoresho byo mu rugo birimo cyane cyane ingoma yimashini imesa.Duhereye ku kurengera ibidukikije nko kuzigama ingufu no gutunganya ibicuruzwa, biteganijwe ko ibyuma bitagira umwanda biteganijwe kwaguka kurushaho.
Mu rwego rwo gutwara abantu, hariho uburyo bwo gusohora ibinyabiziga bya gari ya moshi n’imodoka.Ibyuma bidafite ingese bikoreshwa muri sisitemu yo gusohora bingana na 20-30 kg kuri buri kinyabiziga, kandi buri mwaka ku isi ni toni miliyoni imwe, akaba aribwo buryo bunini bwo gukoresha ibyuma bitagira umwanda.
Mu rwego rw’ubwubatsi, hagaragaye ubwiyongere bukenewe cyane, nk'abashinzwe umutekano kuri sitasiyo ya MRT yo muri Singapuru, bakoresheje toni zigera ku 5.000 z'icyuma cyo hanze.Urundi rugero ni Ubuyapani.Nyuma ya 1980, ibyuma bitagira umwanda bikoreshwa mu nganda zubaka byiyongereyeho inshuro zigera kuri 4, cyane cyane bikoreshwa mu bisenge, kubaka imbere n’imbere, hamwe n’ibikoresho byubaka.Mu myaka ya za 1980, ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa 304 bidafite irangi byakoreshejwe nk'ibikoresho byo gusakara mu turere two ku nkombe z'Ubuyapani, kandi gukoresha ibyuma bisize irangi bidafite irangi byahindutse buhoro buhoro biturutse ku gukumira ingese.Mu myaka ya za 90, 20% cyangwa birenga Cr ferritic ibyuma bidafite ibyuma birwanya ruswa byatejwe imbere kandi bikoreshwa nkibikoresho byo gusakara, kandi tekiniki zitandukanye zo kurangiza hejuru zakozwe muburyo bwiza.
Mu rwego rwubwubatsi, ibyuma bidafite ingese bikoreshwa mu minara yo gukuramo ingomero mu Buyapani.Mu turere dukonje two mu Burayi no muri Amerika, kugira ngo hirindwe ubukonje bw’imihanda n’ibiraro, ni ngombwa kuminjagira umunyu, wihutisha kwangirika kw’ibyuma, bityo hakoreshwa ibyuma bitagira umwanda.Mu mihanda yo muri Amerika ya Ruguru, ahantu nka 40 hifashishijwe ibyuma bitagira umuyonga mu myaka itatu ishize, kandi imikoreshereze ya buri hantu ni toni 200-1000.Mugihe kizaza, isoko ryibyuma bitagira umwanda muriki gice bizagira icyo bihindura.
2. Urufunguzo rwo kwagura ikoreshwa ryibyuma bitagira umwanda mugihe kizaza nukurengera ibidukikije, kuramba, no kumenyekana kwa IT.
Ku bijyanye no kurengera ibidukikije, icya mbere, duhereye ku kurengera ibidukikije, icyifuzo cy’icyuma cyangiza ubushyuhe n’ubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyangirika cyangirika cyangiza ibyuma bitwika ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, amashanyarazi ya LNG, n’inganda zikoresha ingufu nyinshi zikoresha amakara mu guhagarika dioxyde ibisekuruza bizaguka.Bigereranijwe kandi ko ikariso ya batiri yimodoka ya lisansi izashyirwa mubikorwa mu ntangiriro yikinyejana cya 21, nayo izakoresha ibyuma bitagira umwanda.Urebye ubuziranenge bw’amazi no kurengera ibidukikije, mu gutanga amazi n’ibikoresho byo gutunganya amazi, ibyuma bitagira umwanda bifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa nabyo bizagura ibyifuzo.
Kubijyanye no kuramba, ikoreshwa ryibyuma bidafite ingese biriyongera mubiraro bihari, mumihanda minini, tunel, nibindi bikoresho muburayi, kandi biteganijwe ko iyi nzira izakwira kwisi yose.Byongeye kandi, ubuzima bw'inyubako rusange zo guturamo mu Buyapani ni bugufi cyane mu myaka 20-30, kandi guta ibikoresho by'imyanda byabaye ikibazo gikomeye.Hamwe no kugaragara kwinyubako zifite ubuzima bwimyaka 100, gukenera ibikoresho bifite igihe kirekire biziyongera.Duhereye ku kurengera ibidukikije ku isi, mu gihe bigabanya ubwubatsi bw’imyubakire n’imyubakire y’ubwubatsi, birakenewe gushakisha uburyo bwo kugabanya amafaranga yo kubungabunga uhereye ku gishushanyo mbonera cyo gutangiza ibitekerezo bishya.
Kubijyanye no kumenyekanisha IT, mugikorwa cyo guteza imbere IT no kumenyekanisha IT, ibikoresho bikora bigira uruhare runini mubikoresho byibikoresho, kandi ibisabwa kubikoresho bisobanutse neza kandi bikora cyane ni binini cyane.Kurugero, muri terefone igendanwa hamwe na microcomputer ibice, imbaraga nyinshi, elastique, hamwe na magnetique yibintu byuma bidafite ingese bikoreshwa muburyo bworoshye, byagura ikoreshwa ryibyuma.Mu bikoresho byo gukora ibikoresho bya semiconductor hamwe na substrate zitandukanye, ibyuma bitagira umwanda bifite isuku nziza kandi biramba bigira uruhare runini.
Ibyuma bitagira umwanda bifite ibintu byinshi byiza cyane ibindi byuma bidafite kandi ni ibikoresho bifite igihe kirekire kandi byongera gukoreshwa.Mugihe kizaza, ibyuma bidafite ingese bizakoreshwa cyane mubice bitandukanye mugusubiza impinduka mubihe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-02-2022