Guhindura 304 304L Icyuma
Ibiranga icyuma kidafite ingese
1. Gusudira
Ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bikoresha bifite ibisabwa bitandukanye mubikorwa byo gusudira.Icyiciro cyibikoresho byo kumeza ntibisaba imikorere yo gusudira, ndetse harimo ninganda zimwe.Nyamara, ibicuruzwa byinshi bisaba gukora neza gusudira ibikoresho bibisi, nkibikoresho byo mucyiciro cya kabiri, ibikombe bya thermos, imiyoboro yicyuma, ubushyuhe bwamazi, abatanga amazi, nibindi.
2. Kurwanya ruswa
Ibicuruzwa byinshi bidafite ingese bisaba kurwanya ruswa, nk'ibikoresho byo mu cyiciro cya I na II, ibikoresho byo mu gikoni, ibyuma bishyushya amazi, ibyuma bitanga amazi, n'ibindi. hanyuma uyisuke nyuma yigihe runaka.Kuraho igisubizo, kwoza kandi wumishe, kandi upime ibiro kugirango umenye urugero rwa ruswa (Icyitonderwa: Iyo ibicuruzwa bisizwe, ibirimo Fe mubitambaro byangiza cyangwa umusenyi bizatera ibibara hejuru hejuru yikizamini).
3. Gukora neza
Muri iki gihe cya sosiyete, ibyuma bidafite ingese muri rusange bisukurwa mugihe cyo kubyara umusaruro, kandi ibicuruzwa bike gusa nkubushyuhe bwamazi hamwe nogutanga amazi ntibikenera gusya.Kubwibyo, ibi bisaba ko imikorere ya polishinge yibikoresho fatizo ari nziza cyane.Ibintu byingenzi bigira ingaruka kumikorere ya polishinge nibi bikurikira:
(1) ubuso bwibikoresho byibikoresho.Nkibishushanyo, gutobora, gutoragura, nibindi.
(2) Ikibazo cyibikoresho fatizo.Niba ubukana buri hasi cyane, ntibizoroha gusya mugihe cyoza (imitungo ya BQ ntabwo ari nziza), kandi niba ubukana buri hasi cyane, icyatsi cya orange cyoroshye kugaragara hejuru mugihe cyo gushushanya byimbitse, bityo bikagira ingaruka umutungo wa BQ.Imiterere ya BQ hamwe nuburemere bukomeye nibyiza.
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4. Kurwanya ubushyuhe
Kurwanya ubushyuhe bivuze ko ibyuma bidafite ingese bishobora gukomeza kugumana imiterere myiza yumubiri nubukanishi mubushyuhe bwinshi.
Ingaruka ya karubone: Carbone ikorwa cyane kandi igahinduka mumashanyarazi ya austenitis.Ibintu bigena austenite no kwagura akarere ka austenite.Ubushobozi bwa karubone bwo gukora austenite bwikubye inshuro 30 ubwa nikel, kandi karubone nikintu kivanze gishobora kongera imbaraga zicyuma cya austenitike kitagira umuyonga binyuze mumuti ushimangira.Carbone irashobora kandi kunoza imbaraga zo kwangirika kwangirika kwicyuma cya austenitike kitagira umuyonga muri chloride yibanze cyane (nka 42% MgCl2 yumuti utetse).
Nyamara, mubyuma bya austenitike bidafite ibyuma, karubone ikunze gufatwa nkibintu byangiza, cyane cyane ko mubihe bimwe na bimwe (nko gusudira cyangwa gushyushya kuri 450 ~ 850 ° C) mukurwanya kwangirika kwibyuma bitagira umwanda, karubone irashobora gukorana na karubone muri ibyuma.Chromium ikora chromium yo mu bwoko bwa Cr23C6 yo mu bwoko bwa karubone, biganisha ku kugabanuka kwa chromium yaho, bigabanya kwangirika kwibyuma, cyane cyane kurwanya ruswa.kubwibyo.Ibyinshi mu bishya bya chromium-nikel austenitis ibyuma bitagira umuyonga kuva mu myaka ya za 1960 ni ubwoko bwa karubone ntoya cyane ifite karubone iri munsi ya 0.03% cyangwa 0.02%.Birashobora kumenyekana ko uko karubone igabanuka, kwangirika kwangirika kwangirika kwicyuma kugabanuka.Iyo ibirimo bya karubone biri munsi ya 0,02% bigira ingaruka zigaragara, kandi ubushakashatsi bumwe na bumwe bwerekanye ko karubone nayo yongerera imbaraga zo kwangirika kwa chromium austenitic ibyuma bidafite ingese.Bitewe n'ingaruka mbi za karubone, ntabwo karuboni yonyine igomba kugenzurwa hasi hashoboka mugikorwa cyo gushonga ibyuma bya austenitis bitagira umuyonga, ariko no mubikorwa byakurikiyeho byo gukora ubushyuhe, ubukonje ndetse no kuvura ubushyuhe kugirango hirindwe kwiyongera kwa karubone kuri ubuso bwibyuma bidafite umwanda kandi wirinde chromium karbide Yimvura.
5. Kurwanya ruswa
Iyo ingano ya atome ya chromium mu byuma itari munsi ya 12.5%, ubushobozi bwa electrode yicyuma burashobora guhinduka muburyo butunguranye buva mubintu bibi bikagera kuri electrode nziza.Irinde kwangirika kw'amashanyarazi.
Igipimo cyibikorwa byicyuma
Isahani idafite ibyuma ifite ubuso bworoshye, plastike ndende, ubukana nimbaraga za mashini, kandi irwanya ruswa na acide, gaze ya alkaline, ibisubizo nibindi bitangazamakuru.Nicyuma kivanze kidashobora kwangirika byoroshye, ariko kitarangwamo ingese.Isahani idafite ibyuma bivuga isahani yicyuma irwanya ruswa n’ibitangazamakuru bidakomeye nkikirere, umwuka n’amazi, mu gihe icyuma kirwanya aside bivuga icyuma cyihanganira ruswa n’ibitangazamakuru byangiza imiti nka aside, alkali, n'umunyu.Isahani idafite ibyuma imaze imyaka isaga ijana kuva yasohotse mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20.
Isahani idafite ibyuma muri rusange ni ijambo rusange kubisahani byuma bidafite ibyuma na plaque irwanya aside.Yatangijwe mu ntangiriro z'iki kinyejana, iterambere ry'icyuma kidafite ingese ryashyizeho urufatiro rukomeye rw'ibikoresho na tekiniki mu iterambere ry'inganda zigezweho n'iterambere ry'ubumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga.Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibyuma bidafite ingese hamwe nibintu bitandukanye.Yagiye ikora ibyiciro byinshi mubikorwa byiterambere.
Ukurikije imiterere, igabanijwemo ibyiciro bine: ibyuma bya austenitike, ibyuma bya martensitike (harimo imvura igwa ibyuma bitagira umwanda), ibyuma bitagira umuyonga, hamwe na austenitike wongeyeho ferritic duplex ibyuma bitagira umuyonga.Ibikoresho nyamukuru bigize imiti cyangwa ibintu bimwe na bimwe biranga isahani yicyuma bishyirwa mubyuma bya chromium bitagira ibyuma, icyuma cya chromium nikel icyuma, icyuma cya chromium nikel molybdenum icyuma, icyuma cya karuboni nkeya, icyuma kinini cya molybdenum, icyuma kinini, , n'ibindi.
Ukurikije imikorere n'imikoreshereze y'ibyuma, bigabanyijemo amasahani ya nitric irwanya aside, ibyuma bya sulfurike birwanya ibyuma, ibyuma bitarwanya ibyuma, ibyuma birwanya ruswa, hamwe n'imbaraga nyinshi. ibyuma bidafite ingese.Ukurikije ibimenyetso biranga isahani yicyuma, igabanyijemo ubushyuhe buke bwicyuma kidafite ibyuma, icyuma kitagira magnetiki icyuma, icyuma cyubusa-icyuma cyubusa, icyuma kirenze icyuma, nibindi. ku miterere iranga isahani yicyuma, imiterere yimiti iranga icyuma hamwe no guhuza byombi.
Mubisanzwe bigabanyijemo ibyuma bya martensitike, ibyuma bya ferritic, ibyuma bya austenitike, ibyuma bya duplex bitagira ibyuma hamwe n’imvura igwa ibyuma bitagira umwanda, nibindi cyangwa bigabanijwemo ibyiciro bibiri: chromium idafite ibyuma na nikel ibyuma bitagira umuyonga.Ubwinshi bwimikoreshereze ikoreshwa Mubisanzwe: impapuro nimpapuro ibikoresho byo guhanahana ubushyuhe, ibikoresho bya mashini, ibikoresho byo gusiga amarangi, ibikoresho byo gutunganya firime, imiyoboro, ibikoresho byo hanze yinyubako zo mukarere ka nyanja, nibindi.
Isahani idafite ibyuma ifite ubuso bworoshye, plastike ndende, ubukana nimbaraga za mashini, kandi irwanya ruswa na acide, gaze ya alkaline, ibisubizo nibindi bitangazamakuru.Nicyuma kivanze kidashobora kwangirika byoroshye, ariko kitarangwamo ingese.
Uburebure bwikirenge hamwe nubunini busanzwe bwicyuma
Ubunini bwikirenge bivuze ko uburebure nyabwo butandukanye cyane nubunini bwa theoretical (nanone bita uburebure bwa label), ni itandukaniro rito.Niba uburebure bwa label ari 1.0MM, muri rusange uburebure bwikirenge busabwa byibuze bugera kuri 0,98MM-1.0MM, kandi uburebure bwikirenge bushobora kuba Byumvikane nk "umubyimba uhagije", naho ubunini busanzwe nubunini bwa theoretical.Ibiceri by'urusyo rw'icyuma byanditseho iyo bivuye mu ruganda, byerekana ubunini bw'imyumvire.Ubu ni ubugari busanzwe.
