L485 ibyuma byinganda zikomoka kuri peteroli

L485 Umuyoboro w'Imiyoboro, Imiterere yinzego ni ishingiro ryo kumenya imikorere yayo na serivisi itekanye.Kugeza ubu, ibyuma by'imiyoboro birashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bine bikurikira ukurikije microstructure:

1. Ferritic pearlite umuyoboro w'icyuma
Icyuma cya ferritic pearlite nicyuma cyibanze cyibyuma byumuyoboro byakozwe mbere ya za 1960.X52 hamwe nicyuma cyumuyoboro ufite imbaraga zo hasi zose ni pearlite ferritic.Ibigize shingiro ni karubone na manganese, hamwe na karubone (igice kinini, kimwe hepfo) ni 0,10% kugeza 0,20%, naho manganese ni 1.30% kugeza kuri 1.70%.Mubisanzwe ukoreshe ibishyushye bishyushye cyangwa uburyo bwo kuvura bishyushye.Iyo imbaraga zisabwa zisabwa, urugero rwo hejuru rwibintu bya karubone rwifuzwa, cyangwa trace niobium na vanadium byongewe kuri sisitemu ya manganese.Ibyuma bya pearlite ya ferritike bifatwa nkibifite ferrite ya polygonal ifite ingano ingana na 7μm na pearlite ifite agace kangana na 30%.Ibyuma bisanzwe bya ferritic pearlite ni 5LB, X42, X52, X60, X60 na X70.

2. Acicular ferrite umuyoboro
Ubushakashatsi bwibyuma bya acicular ferritic byatangiye mu mpera za 1960 bishyirwa mubikorwa byinganda muntangiriro yimyaka ya 1970.Muri kiriya gihe, sisitemu ya manganese - niobium ishingiye kuri E yateje imbere karubone nkeya.Mubyuma bya mn-Mo-Nb microalloy ibyuma, kongeramo molybdenum birashobora kugabanya ubushyuhe bwimpinduka kugirango ibuze ferrite ya polygonal, guteza imbere ferrite ihinduka, no kunoza imvura igabanya ingufu za karubone na nitride ya nitobide, kugirango byongere imbaraga zicyuma kandi ugabanye ubukana n'ubushyuhe-buke.Ubu buhanga bwa molybdenum buvanze bumaze imyaka igera kuri 40 butanga umusaruro.Mu myaka yashize, ubundi buhanga bwo hejuru bwo kubona ferrite ya acicular buragaragara.Irashobora kubona acicular ferrite hejuru yubushyuhe bwo hejuru ikoresheje tekinoroji ya niobium.Amashanyarazi asanzwe ya ferrite ni X70 na X80.

3. Bainite - ibyuma bya martensite
Hamwe niterambere ryumuvuduko mwinshi hamwe ningendo nini ya gazi ya gazi isanzwe hamwe no gushaka kugabanya ibiciro byo kubaka imiyoboro, imiterere ya acrite ferrite ntishobora kuzuza ibisabwa.Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 20, havutse ubwoko bw'icyuma gikomeye cyane.Ibyiciro bisanzwe byicyuma ni X100 na X120.X100 yatangajwe bwa mbere na SMI mu Buyapani mu 1988. Nyuma y’imyaka myinshi y’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere, umuyoboro wa X100 washyizwe bwa mbere mu gice cy’ibizamini by’ubuhanga mu 2002. ExxonMobil yo muri Amerika yatangiye ubushakashatsi ku byuma bya X120 mu 1993, no muri 1996, yafatanije na SMI na NSC yo mu Buyapani guteza imbere gahunda yubushakashatsi bwa X120.Mu 2004, ibyuma bya X120 byashyizweho bwa mbere mu gice cy’icyitegererezo cy’umuyoboro.

Mu gishushanyo mbonera cya bainite-martensitike yicyuma, hatoranijwe uburyo bwiza bwa karubone - manganese - umuringa - nikel - molybdenum - niobium - vanadium - titanium - boron.Igishushanyo cyuruvange rukoresha byuzuye ibintu byingenzi biranga boron mugice cyinzibacyuho.Kwiyongera kwa tron ​​boron (ωB = 0.0005% ~ 0.003%) biragaragara ko bishobora guhagarika nucleation ya ferrite kumupaka wimbuto za austenite kandi bigatuma umurongo wa ferrite uhindukirira iburyo bigaragara. Ndetse no kuri karubone nto cyane (ωC = 0.003%), inzibacyuho ya bainite iringanizwa no kugabanya ubushyuhe bwa nyuma bwo gukonjesha (& LT; 300 ℃) hamwe no kuzamura ubukonje (> 20 ℃ / s), bainite yo hepfo na lath martensite nayo irashobora kuboneka.Ibyuma bisanzwe bya bainite-martensite (B - M) ibyuma ni X100 na X120.

4. Umuyoboro wa sofhorite ushushe
Hamwe niterambere ryumuryango, ibyuma bisabwa gusabwa kugira imbaraga nyinshi no gukomera.Niba tekinoroji igenzurwa no gukonjesha idashobora kuzuza ibyo bisabwa, inzira yo gutunganya ubushyuhe bwo kuzimya no gukonjesha irashobora gukoreshwa kugirango huzuzwe ibisabwa byuzuye kurukuta rwinshi, imbaraga nyinshi hamwe nubukomezi buhagije mukora sorbitite.Mu byuma bikoresha imiyoboro, iyi homogenous sortensite, izwi kandi ku izina rya homogenous martensite, ni uburyo bwo gutunganya ibyuma bikoresha ingufu zidasanzwe cyane X120.